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This species has recently been dealing with constraints to its
captive breeding program including limitations on transfer of
individuals between the U.S. and Canada, lack of intact males
capable of reproduction, disruption of established social groups
due to introduction of new breeding males and aging of reproductively
important females. The captive population may be at risk if new
pairings are not successful soon. In the wild, this species is
listed as threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
as Data Deficient by the IUCN 2000 Redlist meaning that more field
research on the current population numbers and distribution is
needed to determine the extent of threat to these populations.
It is protected from trade under Appendix II of CITES. Major threats
are human eradication as a pest species by farmers, extreme habitat
loss, and hunting and capture for trade.
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