It starts with a good foundation. Rebar or iron rods are welded together, curved, and then formed to create a steel armature for the rockwork.

Plastic or metal lath is attached to the rebar. Lath is an open-weave of building material which provides a canvas for holding and layering plaster.

Structural concrete is then applied under pressure in a process called shot-crete. A thick base of concrete is sprayed onto the lath to create a structural wall. Additional layers are added as needed.

The final layers of concrete are applied and sculpted by hand. Artists use trowels, brooms, and other tools to create the cracks and fissures of the rockwork.

The finishing touches are hand painted—mixing colors and shades to create realistic looking boulders and rock walls.